基于SpringBoot多线程@Async的使用体验

多线程@Async的使用体验

场景

导入：可以将大批量的数据insert操作采用多线程的方式并行执行

第三方服务的接口调用：由于存在个别第三方服务调用比较耗时的场景，此时就可以与自身服务的逻辑并行执行

简而言之：接口中部份业务逻辑可以通过并行的方式来优化接口性能

1.线程池配置

@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class TaskPoolConfig {

    @Bean("taskExecutor") // bean 的名称，默认为首字母小写的方法名
    public Executor taskExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        //核心线程数（CPU核心数+1）
        executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
        //最大线程数（2*CPU核心数+1）
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);
        //缓冲队列数
        executor.setQueueCapacity(200);
        //允许线程空闲时间（单位：默认为秒）
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
        //线程池名前缀
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("sub-thread-");
        // 增加 TaskDecorator 属性的配置
        executor.setTaskDecorator(new ContextDecorator());
        // 线程池对拒绝任务的处理策略:CallerRunsPolicy：不在新线程中执行任务，而是由调用者所在的线程来执行
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

2.子父线程之间共享一个Request的配置方案

1.实现TaskDecorator接口

/**
 * 子线程装饰器
 *
 * @author Da Shuai
 * @date 2021-06-10 18:28:17
 */
public class SubThreadTaskDecorator implements TaskDecorator {

    @Override
    public Runnable decorate(Runnable runnable) {
        RequestAttributes context = RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes();
        return () -> {
            try {
                RequestContextHolder.setRequestAttributes(context);
                runnable.run();
            } finally {
                RequestContextHolder.resetRequestAttributes();
            }
        };
    }
}

2.之前的线程池配置加如下代码使其生效

// 增加 TaskDecorator 属性的配置
executor.setTaskDecorator(new ContextDecorator());

3.阻塞主线程，等待所有子线程执行完毕后继续执行主线程

1.CountDownLatch

思路：

实例化CountDownLatch对象，同时传入x（线程数量：这个数量必须等于子线程数量）进行构造
每个子线程执行完毕后会调用countDown()方法
子线程逻辑后方调用await()方法

这样线程计数器为0之前，主线程就一直处于pending状态

主线程逻辑

new CountDownLatch(X)
latch.await()

@Override
@Transactional
public void importExcel(File file) {
    CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(3);
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        VoteDO voteDO = new VoteDO();
        voteDO.setTitle(i + "");
        asyncManager.asyncSaveVote(voteDO);
    }
    //System.out.println(1/0);
    try {
        latch.await();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

子线程逻辑

latch.countDown()

@Override
@Async
public void asyncSaveVote(VoteDO voteDO, CountDownLatch latch) {
    log.info("当前线程为 {}，休眠10s开始", Thread.currentThread().getName());
    try {
        Thread.sleep(10000L);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    log.info("当前线程为 {}，休眠10s结束", Thread.currentThread().getName());
    log.info("当前线程为 {}，保存开始", Thread.currentThread().getName());
    voteDO.setDesc(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    voteDao.insert(voteDO);
    latch.countDown();
    log.info("当前线程为 {}，保存结束", Thread.currentThread().getName());
}

日志

2021-06-11 16:31:08.653 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : ===============请求内容===============
2021-06-11 16:31:08.653 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : 请求地址:http://localhost:8080/api/import
2021-06-11 16:31:08.653 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : 请求方式:POST
2021-06-11 16:31:08.655 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : 请求类方法:com.zhdj.controller.ImportController.importExcel
2021-06-11 16:31:08.655 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : 请求类方法参数:[org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest$StandardMultipartFile@42c3f403]
2021-06-11 16:31:08.655 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : ===============请求内容===============
2021-06-11 16:31:08.676 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 – Starting…
2021-06-11 16:31:08.894 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 – Start completed.
2021-06-11 16:31:08.921 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-3] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-3，休眠10s开始
2021-06-11 16:31:08.921 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-1] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-1，休眠10s开始
2021-06-11 16:31:08.921 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-2] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-2，休眠10s开始
2021-06-11 16:31:18.921 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-2] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-2，休眠10s结束
2021-06-11 16:31:18.921 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-3] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-3，休眠10s结束
2021-06-11 16:31:18.921 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-2] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-2，保存开始
2021-06-11 16:31:18.921 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-1] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-1，休眠10s结束
2021-06-11 16:31:18.921 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-3] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-3，保存开始
2021-06-11 16:31:18.921 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-1] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-1，保存开始
2021-06-11 16:31:19.080 DEBUG 27516 — [ sub-thread-3] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Preparing: INSERT INTO vote ( title, `desc`, gmt_create, gmt_modified ) VALUES ( ?, ?, ?, ? )
2021-06-11 16:31:19.080 DEBUG 27516 — [ sub-thread-1] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Preparing: INSERT INTO vote ( title, `desc`, gmt_create, gmt_modified ) VALUES ( ?, ?, ?, ? )
2021-06-11 16:31:19.080 DEBUG 27516 — [ sub-thread-2] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Preparing: INSERT INTO vote ( title, `desc`, gmt_create, gmt_modified ) VALUES ( ?, ?, ?, ? )
2021-06-11 16:31:19.156 DEBUG 27516 — [ sub-thread-1] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Parameters: 0(String), sub-thread-1(String), 2021-06-11T16:31:19.032(LocalDateTime), 2021-06-11T16:31:19.037(LocalDateTime)
2021-06-11 16:31:19.156 DEBUG 27516 — [ sub-thread-3] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Parameters: 2(String), sub-thread-3(String), 2021-06-11T16:31:19.032(LocalDateTime), 2021-06-11T16:31:19.037(LocalDateTime)
2021-06-11 16:31:19.156 DEBUG 27516 — [ sub-thread-2] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Parameters: 1(String), sub-thread-2(String), 2021-06-11T16:31:19.032(LocalDateTime), 2021-06-11T16:31:19.037(LocalDateTime)
2021-06-11 16:31:19.172 DEBUG 27516 — [ sub-thread-3] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : <== Updates: 1
2021-06-11 16:31:19.178 DEBUG 27516 — [ sub-thread-2] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : <== Updates: 1
2021-06-11 16:31:19.187 DEBUG 27516 — [ sub-thread-1] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : <== Updates: 1
2021-06-11 16:31:19.224 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-3] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-3，保存结束
2021-06-11 16:31:19.224 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-1] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-1，保存结束
2021-06-11 16:31:19.224 INFO 27516 — [ sub-thread-2] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-2，保存结束
2021-06-11 16:31:19.226 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : ————–返回内容—————-
2021-06-11 16:31:19.328 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : Response内容:null
2021-06-11 16:31:19.328 INFO 27516 — [nio-8080-exec-1] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : ————–返回内容—————-

2.Future

思路：

1.子线程逻辑返回Future对象

2.主线程逻辑循环判断每个子线程返回的Future对象isDone()是否为true

主线程逻辑

循环判断future.isDone()是否为true

@Override
@Transactional
public void importExcel(File file) {
 List<Future> futureList = new ArrayList<>();
 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
     VoteDO voteDO = new VoteDO();
     voteDO.setTitle(i + "");
     Future future = asyncManager.asyncSaveVote(voteDO);
     futureList.add(future);
 }
 //检查所有子线程是否均执行完毕
 while (true) {
     boolean isAllDone = true;
     for (Future future : futureList) {
         if (null == future || !future.isDone()) {
             isAllDone = false;
         }
     }
     if (isAllDone) {
         log.info("所有子线程执行完毕");
         break;
     }
 }
}

子线程逻辑

返回Future对象

@Override
public Future asyncSaveVote(VoteDO voteDO) {
    log.info("当前线程为 {}，休眠10s开始", Thread.currentThread().getName());
    try {
        Thread.sleep(10000L);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    log.info("当前线程为 {}，休眠10s结束", Thread.currentThread().getName());
    log.info("当前线程为 {}，保存开始", Thread.currentThread().getName());
    voteDO.setDesc(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    voteDao.insert(voteDO);
    log.info("当前线程为 {}，保存结束", Thread.currentThread().getName());
    //返回需要用AsyncResult类
    return new AsyncResult<>(true);
}

日志

2021-06-11 16:42:28.974 INFO 20492 — [nio-8080-exec-2] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : ===============请求内容===============
2021-06-11 16:42:28.974 INFO 20492 — [nio-8080-exec-2] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : 请求地址:http://localhost:8080/api/import
2021-06-11 16:42:28.974 INFO 20492 — [nio-8080-exec-2] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : 请求方式:POST
2021-06-11 16:42:28.975 INFO 20492 — [nio-8080-exec-2] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : 请求类方法:com.zhdj.controller.ImportController.importExcel
2021-06-11 16:42:28.975 INFO 20492 — [nio-8080-exec-2] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : 请求类方法参数:[org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest$StandardMultipartFile@7e23bacc]
2021-06-11 16:42:28.975 INFO 20492 — [nio-8080-exec-2] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : ===============请求内容===============
2021-06-11 16:42:28.979 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-5] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-5，休眠10s开始
2021-06-11 16:42:28.979 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-4] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-4，休眠10s开始
2021-06-11 16:42:28.979 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-6] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-6，休眠10s开始
2021-06-11 16:42:38.980 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-6] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-6，休眠10s结束
2021-06-11 16:42:38.980 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-4] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-4，休眠10s结束
2021-06-11 16:42:38.980 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-5] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-5，休眠10s结束
2021-06-11 16:42:38.980 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-6] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-6，保存开始
2021-06-11 16:42:38.980 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-5] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-5，保存开始
2021-06-11 16:42:38.980 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-4] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-4，保存开始
2021-06-11 16:42:38.981 DEBUG 20492 — [ sub-thread-4] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Preparing: INSERT INTO vote ( title, `desc`, gmt_create, gmt_modified ) VALUES ( ?, ?, ?, ? )
2021-06-11 16:42:38.981 DEBUG 20492 — [ sub-thread-5] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Preparing: INSERT INTO vote ( title, `desc`, gmt_create, gmt_modified ) VALUES ( ?, ?, ?, ? )
2021-06-11 16:42:38.981 DEBUG 20492 — [ sub-thread-6] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Preparing: INSERT INTO vote ( title, `desc`, gmt_create, gmt_modified ) VALUES ( ?, ?, ?, ? )
2021-06-11 16:42:38.982 DEBUG 20492 — [ sub-thread-5] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Parameters: 1(String), sub-thread-5(String), 2021-06-11T16:42:38.980(LocalDateTime), 2021-06-11T16:42:38.981(LocalDateTime)
2021-06-11 16:42:38.982 DEBUG 20492 — [ sub-thread-4] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Parameters: 0(String), sub-thread-4(String), 2021-06-11T16:42:38.980(LocalDateTime), 2021-06-11T16:42:38.981(LocalDateTime)
2021-06-11 16:42:38.982 DEBUG 20492 — [ sub-thread-6] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : ==> Parameters: 2(String), sub-thread-6(String), 2021-06-11T16:42:38.980(LocalDateTime), 2021-06-11T16:42:38.981(LocalDateTime)
2021-06-11 16:42:38.988 DEBUG 20492 — [ sub-thread-5] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : <== Updates: 1
2021-06-11 16:42:38.989 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-5] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-5，保存结束
2021-06-11 16:42:38.993 DEBUG 20492 — [ sub-thread-6] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : <== Updates: 1
2021-06-11 16:42:38.993 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-6] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-6，保存结束
2021-06-11 16:42:39.004 DEBUG 20492 — [ sub-thread-4] com.zhdj.dao.VoteDao.insert : <== Updates: 1
2021-06-11 16:42:39.005 INFO 20492 — [ sub-thread-4] com.zhdj.AsyncManagerImpl : 当前线程为 sub-thread-4，保存结束
2021-06-11 16:42:39.005 INFO 20492 — [nio-8080-exec-2] com.zhdj.service.impl.VoteServiceImpl : 所有子线程执行完毕
2021-06-11 16:42:39.005 INFO 20492 — [nio-8080-exec-2] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : ————–返回内容—————-
2021-06-11 16:42:39.005 INFO 20492 — [nio-8080-exec-2] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : Response内容:null
2021-06-11 16:42:39.005 INFO 20492 — [nio-8080-exec-2] com.zhdj.config.LogAspect : ————–返回内容—————-

4.多线程共用一个事务

暂时无解决方案，这是弊端

异步调用@Async问题

1.使用背景

在项目中，当访问其他人的接口较慢或者做耗时任务时，不想程序一直卡在耗时任务上，想程序能够并行执行，我们可以使用多线程来并行的处理任务，也可以使用spring提供的异步处理方式@Async。

2.异步处理方式

调用之后，不返回任何数据。

调用之后，返回数据，通过Future来获取返回数据

3.@Async不返回数据

使用@EnableAsync启用异步注解

@Configuration
@EnableAsync
@Slf4j
public class AsyncConfig{
}

在异步处理的方法dealNoReturnTask上添加注解@Async

@Component
@Slf4j
public class AsyncTask {

    @Async
    public void dealNoReturnTask(){
        log.info("Thread {} deal No Return Task start", Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        log.info("Thread {} deal No Return Task end at {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}

Test测试类：

@SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootApplication.class)
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@Slf4j
public class AsyncTest {
    @Autowired
    private AsyncTask asyncTask;

    @Test
    public void testDealNoReturnTask(){
        asyncTask.dealNoReturnTask();
        try {
            log.info("begin to deal other Task!");
            Thread.sleep(10000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

日志打印结果为：

begin to deal other Task!
AsyncExecutorThread-1 deal No Return Task start
AsyncExecutorThread-1 deal No Return Task end at 1499751227034

从日志中我们可以看出，方法dealNoReturnTask()是异步执行完成的。

dealNoReturnTask()设置sleep 3s是为了模拟耗时任务

testDealNoReturnTask()设置sleep 10s是为了确认异步是否执行完成

4.@Async返回数据

异步调用返回数据，Future表示在未来某个点获取执行结果，返回数据类型可以自定义

    @Async
    public Future<String> dealHaveReturnTask() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("thread", Thread.currentThread().getName());
        jsonObject.put("time", System.currentTimeMillis());
        return new AsyncResult<String>(jsonObject.toJSONString());
    }

测试类用isCancelled判断异步任务是否取消，isDone判断任务是否执行结束

    @Test
    public void testDealHaveReturnTask() throws Exception {

        Future<String> future = asyncTask.dealHaveReturnTask();
        log.info("begin to deal other Task!");
        while (true) {
            if(future.isCancelled()){
                log.info("deal async task is Cancelled");
                break;
            }
            if (future.isDone() ) {
                log.info("deal async task is Done");
                log.info("return result is " + future.get());
                break;
            }
            log.info("wait async task to end ...");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }
    }

日志打印如下，我们可以看出任务一直在等待异步任务执行完毕，用future.get()来获取异步任务的返回结果

begin to deal other Task!
wait async task to end …
wait async task to end …
wait async task to end …
wait async task to end …
deal async task is Done
return result is {“thread”:”AsyncExecutorThread-1″,”time”:1499752617330}

5.异常处理

我们可以实现AsyncConfigurer接口，也可以继承AsyncConfigurerSupport类来实现

在方法getAsyncExecutor()中创建线程池的时候，必须使用 executor.initialize()，

不然在调用时会报线程池未初始化的异常。

如果使用threadPoolTaskExecutor()来定义bean，则不需要初始化

@Configuration
@EnableAsync
@Slf4j
public class AsyncConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {

//    @Bean
//    public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor(){
//        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
//        executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
//        executor.setMaxPoolSize(100);
//        executor.setQueueCapacity(100);
//        return executor;
//    }

    @Override
    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(100);
        executor.setQueueCapacity(100);
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("AsyncExecutorThread-");
        executor.initialize(); //如果不初始化，导致找到不到执行器
        return executor;
    }
    @Override
    public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
        return new AsyncExceptionHandler();
    }
}

异步异常处理类：

@Slf4j
public class AsyncExceptionHandler implements AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler {
    @Override
    public void handleUncaughtException(Throwable ex, Method method, Object... params) {
        log.info("Async method: {} has uncaught exception,params:{}", method.getName(), JSON.toJSONString(params));

        if (ex instanceof AsyncException) {
            AsyncException asyncException = (AsyncException) ex;
            log.info("asyncException:{}",asyncException.getErrorMessage());
        }

        log.info("Exception :");
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }
}

异步处理异常类：

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class AsyncException extends Exception {
    private int code;
    private String errorMessage;
}

在无返回值的异步调用中，异步处理抛出异常，AsyncExceptionHandler的handleUncaughtException()会捕获指定异常，原有任务还会继续运行，直到结束。

在有返回值的异步调用中，异步处理抛出异常，会直接抛出异常，异步任务结束，原有处理结束执行。

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持。

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基于SpringBoot多线程@Async的使用体验

目录

多线程@Async的使用体验

场景

1.线程池配置

2.子父线程之间共享一个Request的配置方案

3.阻塞主线程，等待所有子线程执行完毕后继续执行主线程

1.CountDownLatch

2.Future

4.多线程共用一个事务

异步调用@Async问题

1.使用背景

2.异步处理方式

3.@Async不返回数据

4.@Async返回数据

5.异常处理

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基于SpringBoot多线程@Async的使用体验

目录

多线程@Async的使用体验

场景

1.线程池配置

2.子父线程之间共享一个Request的配置方案

3.阻塞主线程，等待所有子线程执行完毕后继续执行主线程

1.CountDownLatch

2.Future

4.多线程共用一个事务

异步调用@Async问题

1.使用背景

2.异步处理方式

3.@Async不返回数据

4.@Async返回数据

5.异常处理

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