目录
  • 第一步、生成公私钥
  • 第二步、三种方式读取RSA密钥
    • 第1种:公私钥弄成一行,必须一行没有空格和换行
    • 第2种:直接复制生成公私钥
    • 第3种;复制密钥存储为.pem文件后缀
  • 第三步、RSA加解密
    • 第四步、RSA签名以及验证签名
      • 第五步、封装完整代码 

        第一步、生成公私钥

        在线生成公钥私钥对,RSA公私钥生成-ME2在线工具

        密钥长度

        • RSA 密钥通常有不同的长度,通常以位数来表示,如 1024 位、2048 位等。一般来说,密钥长度越长,加密强度越高,但同时也会增加加密和解密的计算复杂度。一般推荐使用 2048 位或更长的 RSA 密钥来确保较高的安全性。

        密钥格式

        • OpenSSL 中的私钥通常采用 PEM 格式(Privacy-Enhanced Mail,即隐私增强邮件)存储。PEM 格式的密钥是经过 Base64 编码的文本字符串,通常以 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- 开头,以 -----END PRIVATE KEY----- 结尾。
        • 另外,私钥也可以存储在 PKCS#12 格式的证书文件中,通常以 .p12 或 .pfx 结尾。这些文件通常包含私钥、公钥和证书链等信息。

        PHP三种方式读取RSA密钥加解密、签名验签完整教程

        第二步、三种方式读取RSA密钥

        第1种:公私钥弄成一行,必须一行没有空格和换行

        $publicKey = 'MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAKZ1mKTymRoGKnHiP1xAy4aiyt5r0BscCZnDAonCrMFZ4kBGriPNHxEaLr5lfBnMKw7k6i+2dsFPSEZooTvqtPUCAwEAAQ==';
        $privateKey = 'MIIBVAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAT4wggE6AgEAAkEApnWYpPKZGgYqceI/XEDLhqLK3mvQGxwJmcMCicKswVniQEauI80fERouvmV8GcwrDuTqL7Z2wU9IRmihO+q09QIDAQABAkBunx3nGHXYjppsfn++7iyTd+I7+Agfy/0xWyB3rpEiGGgfemjcRFaeq5SC2vUNXsrEOY5gbUSQmFxH//Cym18NAiEA1z1cZx/Q9cbIjFPwp1a+K5CVFDXDcfbi/AQgAkVs0/cCIQDF+2fr23AoBslcOC4S0yAx94AbgxCntYuRqztxybsrcwIgMW86ZcT87TX2oaQ1xXk6vC68zqN6fBZEE7Wu1Fa1pAkCIElmOJP3qfAc/AAlj+dIwLHlqWgJwl3674CU9Bfui2bDAiEA0CKJpF8x7KANCcopEQC93PsbIztuML322LOfDV1Lw/k=';

        转化能使用的密钥资源 

        • 如果私钥不是资源类型,则将私钥进行处理,将其转换为 PEM 格式。这里使用 chunk_split 函数将私钥按照每行64个字符的长度进行分割,并在适当的位置插入换行符 \n
        • 在拼接完整的 PEM 格式私钥之后,再使用 openssl_pkey_get_private 函数将 PEM 格式的私钥转换为 OpenSSL 的私钥资源
        $pem = chunk_split($privateKey, 64, "\n");
        $pem = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n" . $pem. "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n";
         
        $pem2 = chunk_split($publicKey, 64, "\n");
        $pem2 = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n" . $pem2 . "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n";

        第2种:直接复制生成公私钥

        $publicKeyString = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
        MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAp1ffL+kUEedBLTzQrKU+
        8oq9IZSUroxhmnWrXa1XMGtlbeVCHQNljujqwGuLELyk7i78cGczwCyGE2SVj9oI
        tBzGn02fWZNCb3bHPv6ofliTvqYcZOFaFTWB+tTKuOmopCk/bgQVe7HC6+74s/3x
        Q4tM1jVbNPYSY11++DLjEQ8KaA3pNJwoFTxER3GVEgmfhi5xUTTaBa5ZOIaNfsFr
        0fGzvGbmRpqoIor6MlSxXbMO4k2pMzB7YJYYr7zRC28DoeJCj5XnXkq4XPIJzo8/
        g79163dp0y9m7cDn4NfRDdBsFeHy6n+hKps6hSVf1z1ZtQtlfk0mRE/EchubDcuH
        +QIDAQAB
        -----END PUBLIC KEY-----";
         
        $privateKeyString = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
        MIIEvQIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKcwggSjAgEAAoIBAQCnV98v6RQR50Et
        PNCspT7yir0hlJSujGGadatdrVcwa2Vt5UIdA2WO6OrAa4sQvKTuLvxwZzPALIYT
        ZJWP2gi0HMafTZ9Zk0Jvdsc+/qh+WJO+phxk4VoVNYH61Mq46aikKT9uBBV7scLr
        7viz/fFDi0zWNVs09hJjXX74MuMRDwpoDek0nCgVPERHcZUSCZ+GLnFRNNoFrlk4
        ho1+wWvR8bO8ZuZGmqgiivoyVLFdsw7iTakzMHtglhivvNELbwOh4kKPledeSrhc
        8gnOjz+Dv3Xrd2nTL2btwOfg19EN0GwV4fLqf6EqmzqFJV/XPVm1C2V+TSZET8Ry
        G5sNy4f5AgMBAAECggEAd5rFiV/EmXs4yVVzLEI7OG1S+oJQtmTdieFaZuzyqUfJ
        Sf+W/lekKb1ts7PpxD+gfiCVCt2oTk1EUu4MO7GxkNIUYF3Ba+tli3dQt0SaNxum
        FZhyKOQsV4ZT7WxTrFBM2XAlxsMie7M0xx6ZIUR6QTV56IxgMP1DbUOw8UKlqlV2
        p3Vdckfjt2pWyLqM2yZUoC3+AjfqpJus/dpyIRGtLd8rLoFCrPgM2naEWxYCAeyI
        CpHgzYCCAbWyXZOkFOWIFPm53ZDbdZpupzKjS29rYGjiZ7St6sdCegGoZ+aYeUwA
        Bb1RKZjkBeLrxbuIZHlSbrBO12yE8gZ+VPzgSy1CVQKBgQDWHjj/7Yur/m+d9yJ0
        9S14TK5KX3EX2cl46It8FMJEKTk1IhgYB6Dmk10pDrV2glJ3zLfwYeu82p9Zgswh
        F34mU3o67medJ3OJP+/qHYvEm4WOKw1973v8GEQhqTvr7yPYVC/cRoyN49FKbKfC
        sF7Scw7EaTObxtWMDJyaa+JDPwKBgQDIE3DhYzx1YahEHktYgVw9OaDdykzYZV2J
        KO8rkAwS0oXY6yi2J1nCrq3N5Ro7PAMCESRabgAps7n2GazLNfrtG/DcH87M0kYz
        AEwo1DvI3XVIAjiPmZXBeU2xp1o40OOxZXeHP3VzuU2ydyR6yp3Y2WCClmgf3Vuz
        O1uGk2A+xwKBgCZzbPcAuJldarvqWoS4Vr8Ivi/a7dtDn/uXfxz8OVq2MHDLO5pt
        HEbr5cnuu0WZ56dd2xZO71+Nvxn69B9pMZ0+Vm/oyjCdmhDmq3XWcngPGa/LKXQZ
        IqHF1c5ZrsoSutQpYiLjhHAinj4IPyQmOhD+2oMJBVyPG2A4D5Nnlk1PAoGBAIXH
        ognC3hEqzGVH0F+Ml82EdBD5DOsA1Es7KLj7J2eKht7lVqJ9q2ImhKaQkzqaRPSj
        26fvt4Iq36QzxLtYC8FxllrJlfCUhUXi5AnE53jGw33zpjg2nNDyOEYavZQR8L2U
        OBkiEHnhpJc5XRYR1vvBVevbgCIWVBODFA7nCkrPAoGAK2oIQ5SLu5OfAB4qcN6v
        vHERc8JXGZWL/o2Z/4t0OX1X6NwDdAl87LCyQ6ab3dqmgemtjdd2Z9DDn2m9oPtO
        yuNvlxYNiCqgsNyUCwy6Q1yy1fOvhiUJF8rkq4UTSeQ8gSrf8hf3ajHmzhA1r5B7
        Y5MUPUHIS6ckWMTF+pAXAgQ=
        -----END PRIVATE KEY-----";

        openssl_pkey_get_publicopenssl_pkey_get_private是PHP OpenSSL扩展提供的两个函数。

        openssl_pkey_get_public函数用于获取公钥,它可以从一个证书文件或PEM格式的公钥字符串中提取公钥信息,并返回一个公钥资源

        $publicKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKeyString);
        $privateKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKeyString);

        第3种;复制密钥存储为.pem文件后缀

        PHP三种方式读取RSA密钥加解密、签名验签完整教程

        $publicKeyString = file_get_contents('public.pem');
        $privateKeyString = file_get_contents('private.pem');
         
        $publicKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKeyString);
        $privateKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKeyString);

        第三步、RSA加解密

        RSA加密

        公钥加密 openssl_public_encrypt => 私钥解密 openssl_private_decrypt

        私钥加密 openssl_private_encrypt => 公钥解密 openssl_public_decrypt

        1. 公钥加密、私钥解密:
           – 使用公钥加密数据:发送方使用接收方的公钥对数据进行加密。
           – 使用私钥解密数据:只有拥有相应私钥的接收方才能使用私钥解密并获取原始数据。

        2. 私钥加密、公钥解密:
           – 使用私钥加密数据:发送方使用自己的私钥对数据进行加密。
           – 使用公钥解密数据:接收方使用发送方的公钥来解密并获取原始数据。

        <?php
         
         
         
        // 待加密的数据
        $data = "Hello, RSA!";
         
        // 使用公钥加密数据
        openssl_public_encrypt($data, $encryptedWithPublicKey, $publicKey);
         
        // 使用私钥解密数据
        openssl_private_decrypt($encryptedWithPublicKey, $decryptedWithPrivateKey, $privateKey);
         
        // 使用私钥加密数据
        openssl_private_encrypt($data, $encryptedWithPrivateKey, $privateKey);
         
        // 使用公钥解密数据
        openssl_public_decrypt($encryptedWithPrivateKey, $decryptedWithPublicKey, $publicKey);
         
        // 输出结果
        echo "原始数据: " . $data . "\n";
        echo "公钥加密,私钥解密结果: " . $decryptedWithPrivateKey . "\n";
        echo "私钥加密,公钥解密结果: " . $decryptedWithPublicKey . "\n";
        ?>

        第四步、RSA签名以及验证签名

         
            /**
             * 构造签名
             * @param string $dataString 被签名数据
             * @return string
             */
            public function sign($dataString)
            {
              
                $signature = false;
                openssl_sign($dataString, $signature, $privKey);
                return base64_encode($signature);
            }
         
            /**
             * 验证签名
             * @param string $dataString 被签名数据
             * @param string $signString 已经签名的字符串
             * @return number 1签名正确 0签名错误
             */
            public function verify($dataString, $signString)
            {
              
                $signature = base64_decode($signString);
                $flg = openssl_verify($dataString, $signature, $PubKey);
                return $flg;
             }

        第五步、封装完整代码 

        PHP三种方式读取RSA密钥加解密、签名验签完整教程

        <?php
        class  RSA{
            protected $publicKey;
            protected $privateKey;
            //$type  1长类型 2完整key  3文件内完整key
            public function __construct($publicKey = '', $privateKey = '', $type=1){
                $this->setKey($publicKey, $privateKey, $type);
            }
         
            public function setKey($publicKey = null, $privateKey = null, $type=1)
            {
                if (!is_null($publicKey)) {
                    $this->setupPubKey($publicKey, $type);
                }
                if (!is_null($privateKey)) {
                    $this->setupPrivKey($privateKey, $type);
                }
            }
         
            private function setupPrivKey($privateKey, $type)
            {
                if (is_resource($this->privateKey)) {
                    return true;
                }
         
                if ($type == 1) {
                    $pem = chunk_split($privateKey, 64, "\n");
                    $pem = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n" . $pem . "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n";
                    $this->privateKey = openssl_pkey_get_private($pem);
                } elseif ($type == 2) {
                    $this->privateKey = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKey);
                } elseif ($type == 3) {
                    $privateKeyString = file_get_contents($privateKey);
                    $this->privateKey= openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKeyString);
                }
         
                return true;
            }
         
            private function setupPubKey($publicKey, $type=1)
            {
                if (is_resource($this->publicKey)) {
                    return true;
                }
                if ($type == 1) {
                    $pem = chunk_split($publicKey, 64, "\n");
                    $pem = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n" . $pem . "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n";
                    $this->publicKey = openssl_pkey_get_public($pem);
                } elseif ($type == 2) {
                    $this->publicKey= openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKey);
                } elseif ($type == 3) {
                    $pubString = file_get_contents($publicKey);
                    $this->publicKey= openssl_pkey_get_public($pubString);
                }
         
                return true;
            }
         
            public function privEncrypt($data)
            {
                if (!is_string($data) || empty($this->privateKey)) {
                    return null;
                }
         
                $r = openssl_private_encrypt($data, $encrypted, $this->privateKey);
                if ($r === true) {
                    return base64_encode($encrypted);
                }
                return null;
            }
         
            public function privDecrypt($encrypted)
            {
                if (!is_string($encrypted) || empty($this->privateKey)) {
                    return null;
                }
         
                $encrypted = base64_decode($encrypted);
                $r = openssl_private_decrypt($encrypted, $decrypted, $this->privateKey);
                if ($r === true) {
                    return $decrypted;
                }
                return null;
            }
         
            public function pubEncrypt($data)
            {
                if (!is_string($data) || empty($this->publicKey)) {
                    return null;
                }
         
                $r = openssl_public_encrypt($data, $encrypted, $this->publicKey);
                if ($r === true) {
                    return base64_encode($encrypted);
                }
                return null;
            }
         
            public function pubDecrypt($crypted)
            {
                if (!is_string($crypted) || empty($this->publicKey)) {
                    return null;
                }
         
                $crypted = base64_decode($crypted);
                $r = openssl_public_decrypt($crypted, $decrypted, $this->publicKey);
                if ($r === true) {
                    return $decrypted;
                }
                return null;
            }
            /**
             * 构造签名
             * @param string $dataString 被签名数据
             * @return string
             */
            public function sign($dataString)
            {
                $signature = false;
                openssl_sign($dataString, $signature, $this->privateKey);
                return base64_encode($signature);
            }
         
            /**
             * 验证签名
             * @param string $dataString 被签名数据
             * @param string $signString 已经签名的字符串
             * @return number 1签名正确 0签名错误
             */
            public function verify($dataString, $signString)
            {
         
                $signature = base64_decode($signString);
                $flg = openssl_verify($dataString, $signature, $this->publicKey);
                return $flg;
            }
         
            public function __destruct()
            {
                is_resource($this->privateKey) && @openssl_free_key($this->privateKey);
                is_resource($this->publicKey) && @openssl_free_key($this->publicKey);
            }
        }
        /*$publicKey = 'MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAKZ1mKTymRoGKnHiP1xAy4aiyt5r0BscCZnDAonCrMFZ4kBGriPNHxEaLr5lfBnMKw7k6i+2dsFPSEZooTvqtPUCAwEAAQ==';
        $privateKey = 'MIIBVAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAT4wggE6AgEAAkEApnWYpPKZGgYqceI/XEDLhqLK3mvQGxwJmcMCicKswVniQEauI80fERouvmV8GcwrDuTqL7Z2wU9IRmihO+q09QIDAQABAkBunx3nGHXYjppsfn++7iyTd+I7+Agfy/0xWyB3rpEiGGgfemjcRFaeq5SC2vUNXsrEOY5gbUSQmFxH//Cym18NAiEA1z1cZx/Q9cbIjFPwp1a+K5CVFDXDcfbi/AQgAkVs0/cCIQDF+2fr23AoBslcOC4S0yAx94AbgxCntYuRqztxybsrcwIgMW86ZcT87TX2oaQ1xXk6vC68zqN6fBZEE7Wu1Fa1pAkCIElmOJP3qfAc/AAlj+dIwLHlqWgJwl3674CU9Bfui2bDAiEA0CKJpF8x7KANCcopEQC93PsbIztuML322LOfDV1Lw/k=';
        $rsa = new RSA($publicKey, $privateKey, 1);*/
        $publicKeyString = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
        MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAp1ffL+kUEedBLTzQrKU+
        8oq9IZSUroxhmnWrXa1XMGtlbeVCHQNljujqwGuLELyk7i78cGczwCyGE2SVj9oI
        tBzGn02fWZNCb3bHPv6ofliTvqYcZOFaFTWB+tTKuOmopCk/bgQVe7HC6+74s/3x
        Q4tM1jVbNPYSY11++DLjEQ8KaA3pNJwoFTxER3GVEgmfhi5xUTTaBa5ZOIaNfsFr
        0fGzvGbmRpqoIor6MlSxXbMO4k2pMzB7YJYYr7zRC28DoeJCj5XnXkq4XPIJzo8/
        g79163dp0y9m7cDn4NfRDdBsFeHy6n+hKps6hSVf1z1ZtQtlfk0mRE/EchubDcuH
        +QIDAQAB
        -----END PUBLIC KEY-----";
         
        $privateKeyString = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
        MIIEvQIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKcwggSjAgEAAoIBAQCnV98v6RQR50Et
        PNCspT7yir0hlJSujGGadatdrVcwa2Vt5UIdA2WO6OrAa4sQvKTuLvxwZzPALIYT
        ZJWP2gi0HMafTZ9Zk0Jvdsc+/qh+WJO+phxk4VoVNYH61Mq46aikKT9uBBV7scLr
        7viz/fFDi0zWNVs09hJjXX74MuMRDwpoDek0nCgVPERHcZUSCZ+GLnFRNNoFrlk4
        ho1+wWvR8bO8ZuZGmqgiivoyVLFdsw7iTakzMHtglhivvNELbwOh4kKPledeSrhc
        8gnOjz+Dv3Xrd2nTL2btwOfg19EN0GwV4fLqf6EqmzqFJV/XPVm1C2V+TSZET8Ry
        G5sNy4f5AgMBAAECggEAd5rFiV/EmXs4yVVzLEI7OG1S+oJQtmTdieFaZuzyqUfJ
        Sf+W/lekKb1ts7PpxD+gfiCVCt2oTk1EUu4MO7GxkNIUYF3Ba+tli3dQt0SaNxum
        FZhyKOQsV4ZT7WxTrFBM2XAlxsMie7M0xx6ZIUR6QTV56IxgMP1DbUOw8UKlqlV2
        p3Vdckfjt2pWyLqM2yZUoC3+AjfqpJus/dpyIRGtLd8rLoFCrPgM2naEWxYCAeyI
        CpHgzYCCAbWyXZOkFOWIFPm53ZDbdZpupzKjS29rYGjiZ7St6sdCegGoZ+aYeUwA
        Bb1RKZjkBeLrxbuIZHlSbrBO12yE8gZ+VPzgSy1CVQKBgQDWHjj/7Yur/m+d9yJ0
        9S14TK5KX3EX2cl46It8FMJEKTk1IhgYB6Dmk10pDrV2glJ3zLfwYeu82p9Zgswh
        F34mU3o67medJ3OJP+/qHYvEm4WOKw1973v8GEQhqTvr7yPYVC/cRoyN49FKbKfC
        sF7Scw7EaTObxtWMDJyaa+JDPwKBgQDIE3DhYzx1YahEHktYgVw9OaDdykzYZV2J
        KO8rkAwS0oXY6yi2J1nCrq3N5Ro7PAMCESRabgAps7n2GazLNfrtG/DcH87M0kYz
        AEwo1DvI3XVIAjiPmZXBeU2xp1o40OOxZXeHP3VzuU2ydyR6yp3Y2WCClmgf3Vuz
        O1uGk2A+xwKBgCZzbPcAuJldarvqWoS4Vr8Ivi/a7dtDn/uXfxz8OVq2MHDLO5pt
        HEbr5cnuu0WZ56dd2xZO71+Nvxn69B9pMZ0+Vm/oyjCdmhDmq3XWcngPGa/LKXQZ
        IqHF1c5ZrsoSutQpYiLjhHAinj4IPyQmOhD+2oMJBVyPG2A4D5Nnlk1PAoGBAIXH
        ognC3hEqzGVH0F+Ml82EdBD5DOsA1Es7KLj7J2eKht7lVqJ9q2ImhKaQkzqaRPSj
        26fvt4Iq36QzxLtYC8FxllrJlfCUhUXi5AnE53jGw33zpjg2nNDyOEYavZQR8L2U
        OBkiEHnhpJc5XRYR1vvBVevbgCIWVBODFA7nCkrPAoGAK2oIQ5SLu5OfAB4qcN6v
        vHERc8JXGZWL/o2Z/4t0OX1X6NwDdAl87LCyQ6ab3dqmgemtjdd2Z9DDn2m9oPtO
        yuNvlxYNiCqgsNyUCwy6Q1yy1fOvhiUJF8rkq4UTSeQ8gSrf8hf3ajHmzhA1r5B7
        Y5MUPUHIS6ckWMTF+pAXAgQ=
        -----END PRIVATE KEY-----";
        //$rsa = new RSA($publicKeyString, $privateKeyString, 2);
        $rsa = new RSA("public.pem", "private.pem", 3);
        echo "私钥加密 公钥解密";
        echo "<br/>";
        $s = $rsa->privEncrypt("abc");
        echo $rsa->pubDecrypt($s);
        echo "<br/>";
        echo "公钥加密,私钥解密";
        echo "<br/>";
        $d = $rsa->pubEncrypt("dfg");
        echo $rsa->privDecrypt($d);
        echo "<br/>";
        echo "签名";
        echo "<br/>";
        $str="a=1&b=2";
        $sign=$rsa->sign($str);
        echo $sign;
        $res6=$rsa->verify($str,$sign);
        echo "<br/>";
        echo "验证签结果:".$res6;
         
         

        以上就是PHP三种方式读取RSA密钥加解密、签名验签完整教程的详细内容,更多关于PHP RSA密钥的资料请关注其它相关文章!

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